Which brain regions are most affected in Down syndrome?

Which brain regions are most affected in Down syndrome?

• A. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus
• B. Brainstem and cerebellum
• C. Frontal lobes and occipital lobes
• D. Temporal lobes and thalamus

Answer: (B)

Down syndrome commonly shows notable structural changes in the cerebellum, which is disproportionately smaller and has fewer Purkinje cells. This cerebellar hypoplasia helps explain the marked hypotonia, balance issues, and delays in motor coordination often seen in affected individuals. The brainstem can also show some involvement, contributing to broader motor regulation and reflex performance. Together, these regions align with the motor and regulatory challenges characteristic of Down syndrome more than the cortical areas listed in the other options.

Down syndrome commonly shows notable structural changes in the cerebellum, which is disproportionately smaller and has fewer Purkinje cells. This cerebellar hypoplasia helps explain the marked hypotonia, balance issues, and delays in motor coordination often seen in affected individuals. The brainstem can also show some involvement, contributing to broader motor regulation and reflex performance. Together, these regions align with the motor and regulatory challenges characteristic of Down syndrome more than the cortical areas listed in the other options.